Record of Architectural and Urban Heritage in Arab Countries

Door alwastany

  • Product: Building and landmark archaeological / cultural
  • Element: One of the old wall of the gates of Baghdad and monuments, historical and prominent pillar in the capital Baghdad
  • the place: Located on the eastern side of the city of Baghdad, near the shrine of Sheikh Omar Suhrawardi - Rusafa
  • owner: The Ministry of Culture / General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage
  • legal status: The property is protected in accordance with the effects of the law in force No. 55 For the year 2002, the General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage and run as the real owner of the heritage of the country and civilization
  • Who is responsible: Ministry of Culture / General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage - Baghdad, Iraq

Definition:
Door alwastany. Also it called the door of Khorasan and the door unguicularis. Is the only remaining door from the gates of Baghdad on the east side, was attached to the door important military fortifications to protect it from any risk of threats can come close to him, so built the door in the form of a fortress is difficult for the invaders to penetrate, and the wall was built around it of a material blended clay with straw that poured in rectangular molds, the sun was dried.

Unique architecture:
Distinguish door architecture distinct demonstrates the ability of architecture Baghdadi and his proficiency, and consists door of a large high cylindrical tower shaped almost built the whole brick, and the width of the door in which about three meters surmounted by a pointed obtuse angle, a height of four meters, and the contract spire above the two pillars Mendmojtan in the wall. On each side of the contract there is a small lion carved bricks prominently, and geometric forms are interrelated prominent strength of two bands, each divided into two intersect and Akunan form sixfold regular ribs, and the elements of geometric decorative plant, including plant branches plant and branches with leaves in semi-fans palms, trilobites and make up the trappings of Alto saliva known Arab Ppalarabisk.

The geometric shapes of regular, Veugd within each one flower Alroset, and the strength of geometric shapes overlapping and intersecting lines, and form spectrums constellations with twelve straight stars of small with four heads, confine inside stars, with eight heads, besides, there are decorations minutes inside stars geometric shapes, and the tower above the door in a written text alwastany third line, and most of what remained of it, but the words still: What call GUIDING religion and Islam remains the mainstay system and the state of the nation Cairo tranquility and Asama and stature of peace. هذا وقد I found other ancient writing engraved on the side of the fence near Baghdad, believed to have been added later came in.: (Here Baghdad here, Dar es Salaam Izz Islam and the source of Arabism inside you, okay accept O seeker of evil gone.

ويمتاز الباب الوسطاني بصلابته وبجمال زخارفه العربية الإسلامية، وقد حاول كثيرون من الذين غزوا بغداد أن يدخلوها من خلاله فلم يفلحوا، ومنهم هولاكو الذي حاصر بغداد وحاول اقتحام هذا الباب مراتٍ عدة فلم يفلح، وكان آخرهم الشاه الإيراني نادر شاه الذي وقف عاجزاً عن اختراق هذا الباب-الحصن، ويعتقد الكثير من المؤرخين أن تصميم هذا الباب وموقعه جعلاه أكثر أبواب بغداد حصانة وقدرة على الدفاع، فهو يمثل تطويرا لفكرة البرج الأسطواني المقبب، الذي يرقى إلى قبته بسلالم ليشرف منها على الفضاء المجاور، إلا أن المعماري زاد عليه أن جعل مدخله الداخلي يتعامد بزاوية قائمة مع المدخل الخارجي. The designer of this section took into account the rounded doorways known to "Baghdad retained" style and increased immunity that the feet of the door from the inside high Bakntrh exposed, also surrounded tower water and a wide area, increasing the immunity, it was not possible to reach the fence only after passing Qntrtin respectively where the fence encircling a moat six meters wide.

خشية من اندثار هذا الباب الوحيد المتبقي من سور بغداد، قامت وزارة السياحة العراقية في العام 1988، بصيانته وترميمه ثم اتخذت منه متحفاً للأسلحة القديمة، وكانت في هذا المتحف نماذج كثيرة من الأسلحة القديمة أبرزها المدافع والمنجنيق وقنابل قديمة، وأسلحة وسيوف مختلفة تعود للعصر العباسي الأول والثاني وحتى حقبة العهد العثماني في العراق، ويوجد أقدم مدفع عراقي يتوسط الباب حاليا كتب عليه انه مصنوع في العام 1806 AD and its length 223 Cm, and the diameter crater 22 Cm, a laptop on a wooden wheel and a solid dig it draw a crescent in reference to the Ottoman Empire logo.

Maps and technical drawings

Photographic documents

Historical overview:
Baghdad has a lot of doors to enclosed many of the fences because of the greed of invaders over the centuries, and these doors are back to the era of the Abbasid state, and some of which dates back to the era of the Ottoman Empire .

The door alwastany the only remaining door from the gates of Baghdad on the east side, also called the door unguicularis, built by the Abbasid Caliph God guided (512-529 H.) And it was for this section important military fortifications to protect the walls of Baghdad. The Ottoman army Bnsfh before withdrawing from Baghdad 11 March 1917 For fear of seizure of the British army ammunition depots and weapons in it and dating back to the Ottoman army withdrawing .

Bibliographies

  • Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi: Ahmed Bin Ali, T. 463 E /1070 M :Date of Baghdad, the city of peace, c 1 , Arab Publisher Book House, Beirut 1965
  • Naji Jawad, Baghdad Biography City, the Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing Beirut 2000
  • Mohammed Raouf al-Sheikhli, the geographical lexicon of the old city of Baghdad, Basra Press, First Edition 1977
  • Qahtan Rashid Saleh, Searchlight archaeological, Baghdad 1987, S161-162

Conservation status / preservation / maintenance

Diagnosis:
Door alwastany of monuments and historic mission of the center of the capital, Baghdad lost its significance as a result of removing the fences related so the abandonment of the site to surround him later cemetery any he was not subjected to intense pressure and time for redevelopment where Hafez door alwastany scheme authentic materials to build and therefore the authenticity of the excellent location for the shape and material, but affected by development projects in neighboring areas, including the highway project, which runs from south to the north of Baghdad, and the Iraqi government and under the guidance of the General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage was keen to preserve the site. The Commission has done a lot of excavation work and maintenance on the site to become a model for important internal and external cultural tourism level for the purposes of tourism, and the site is now in good condition keep . And also the physical structure of the property and its features in a good state of preservation has been shut down a lot of corrosion as a result of maintenance and repair work .

Responsible for conservation / preservation

The Ministry of Culture / General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage: Through the investment plan of the Ministry of Culture and projects of the operating budget of the General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage carried out under the supervision of the Department of maintenance projects and the preservation of antiquities and the Department of Investigation and Public Excavations .

Stages of conservation / preservation

It has phased conservation through the following :

  • Architectural documentation integrated OWNED and horizontal drawing diagrams, interfaces and sections and architectural details and decorations.
  • Structural assessment of the current state of the property and the building materials used, assess the damage and problems of the building .
  • In light of the above paragraphs are developed intervention plans for the maintenance of the building, including the protection and preservation of World Heritage in accordance with the directives of the World Cultural and conventions .

Rehabilitation and maintenance:

It was rehabilitated alwastany door for the General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage projects within the Baghdad capital of Arab culture 2013, at a cost 750 Million dinars, although based on maintenance have expressed doubts about the inadequacy of the customizations that are not commensurate with the size of the damage, being located in an area where groundwater has caused the erosion of the foundations of the building abound.

I have already been conducted by the previous development work in the eighties and in 2003, was the use of the same materials, including built a brick Alvrchi and plaster and lime.

Maintenance at different stages have been passed, and was rehabilitated in the former textured bricks (Republican), Which offended a lot of the site, so the use of modern equipment for cutting bricks Alvrchi measurements similar to that currently exist in order to preserve the architectural style beautiful

Means of conservation / preservation

General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage dealt, which is responsible for keeping the property through the following means:

  • Protection of the property by vestigial laws in force to prevent any bypass the damage done, the effects of the law 55 lsnh 2002
  • Maintenance of the building and the surrounding environment and constantly maintain the physical character of the historical OWNED region and develop successful plans for management by the World Heritage international directives to preserve the world's cultural heritage and conventions
  • Re-use the new employment to suit the character of the historical to ensure the continuity of its maintenance and preservation in a scientific manner and to avoid deterioration.

خطط الإدارة و/أو التصرف

Methodologies will ensure that management plans for conducting operations to protect property and maintain it consistently and appropriately in accordance with international standards . Therefore, the general guidelines for the protection of property and interventions preserved in the administration's plan is as follows:

  • Which maintain operations will not take place and any engineering work only when they are collected and prepare sufficient documentation for each archaeological teacher. The assessments and surveys case studies scientifically determine intervention strategies.
  • Must reflect the protection strategy for each archaeological context teacher and the preservation and possible results of the architectural structures around him.
  • Keep the original material structures of bricks Mufkhor; inclusion and its impact will determine all final conservation strategies.
  • Alternative materials in the brick structures Mufkhor will be distinct from the original fabric in handling and documentation.
  • Will be selected alternative materials to meet the compatibility and durability standards and aesthetics and ease of maintenance due to the contemporary conditions in Iraq.
  • All interventions will be subject to change and Altaatsalih and without damage to the original fabric.
  • Regardless of the status of the exposed effects it will be documented and cleaned and prove. After the initial assessment, it will be buried again or reservation and presented to the public if they have a high explanatory value.
  • View the restored structures is an integral part of conservation. You must adhere to all the new elements of protection and presentation to the public solid standards while reflecting the simplicity and neutrality. These elements will be conservative (Material, shape and color) With respect to the period of historical monuments and appearance.
  • The General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage examined the effects regularly restored and perform routine maintenance to ensure long-term sustainability of conservation work.
  • Improve the General Authority for Antiquities and the ability of Iraqi heritage and consultants involved in the restoration is an essential element for all the work site. Through training programs and visits to similar sites and training modules on-site .
  • وبالتالي تقدم خطة إدارة الممتلك برنامجا شاملا يتضمن التدابير اللازمة لتحقيق ذلك .

مبررات التسجيل:

  1. The only remaining property section of the wall of the gates of Baghdad and the old who maintained his scheme, despite the inherent ordinary time as well as the site represents one of the masterpieces of creativity in that time period,- The masterpieces of the motifs known as the Arab Alto saliva Ppalarabisk as well as geometric forms, which included inflorescence fees inside .
  2. It is an outstanding example of an important phase in the history of Iraq, and played an important role in fortifying the city of Baghdad to repulse external attacks reported, and states that Hulagu at the siege of Baghdad in 656 AH / 1258 M tried to storm did not work, as well as it is for Tamerlane and Nadir Shah 1733 M .